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Teaching
Teaching as a profession has its identity in India
since the time `gurukuls’ were in vogue.
It is one of the most respected professions and truly so, since
fate of any nation depends largely on its human resource and the better
skilled and educated are its people, the better are the prospects of
development and prosperity. Abysmally low rate of literacy is responsible
for the major problems like poverty and overpopulation in our country.
Teaching as a profession has undergone a radical
change and become very specialized. There are teachers specially trained
for pre-nursery, primary, secondary, and senior secondary levels.
Specially trained teachers at all levels teach Art and Craft, Music,
Physical Education and different subjects. Keeping in view the low
literacy rate in the country, in recent years government educational
policy has been more focused towards primary education, adult education,
extension education and distance education programs to bring learning
within the reach of all. However despite being among the largest
professions in India, the education system as whole leaves much to be
desired. With large number of the population still remaining illiterate
after more than 50 years of independence, the challenge for educationists
really remains daunting.
Other than providing immense job satisfaction to
those who are really interested in imparting knowledge and dispelling
ignorance, a secure professional career with barely any liability of
transfer can be other important reasons for joining this profession.
Besides benefits such as subsidized fees for children, regular annual
vacations, etc. makes a career in teaching appealing especially to women.
Educational
Qualification:
Formal training for teaching at primary level and
secondary level has become almost compulsory. Most polytechnics and
vocational training centers conduct training for pre-primary teachers. The
preferred eligibility is class XIIth with 50% marks in
aggregate.
At the secondary level, teachers are required to
possess a degree in teaching/education. The Bachelor of Education degree
is one-year training course for graduates of any discipline. Teachers
having B.Ed degree after graduation are called Graduate Trained Teachers (TGT)
and those doing B.Ed. after post graduation are called Post Graduate
Trained Teachers (PGT). There are separate institutions for special
teachers such as teachers of the blind, deaf and dumb, mentally retarded,
craft, music etc. These courses are also available through correspondence
for employed graduate teachers. For senior secondary level PGTs are
preferred.
As per the latest guidelines issued by University Grants Commission (UGC) in subjects other than fine arts, management, engineering and technology, M.Phil in a subject is required for appointment as a lecturer at the university level and promotions depend on further qualifications. Otherwise a good academic record with at least 55% or an equivalent grade at master’s degree level in the relevant subject from an Indian University or an equivalent degree from a foreign University is needed. Eligibility tests for lecturers (NET) are conducted by UGC. Details on this exam are available under ‘examinations in India’.