Education System In India

The Indian constitution provides that both the Central and the State Governments can bring laws and frame policies on education or in simpler words the subject education is the responsibly of both the respective State Governments as well as Government of India. Therefore whereas almost every State has its own Secondary Education Board and is responsible for establishing State Universities and maintaining them the Central Government acts as a co-coordinator and helps in determining a uniform standard of education in the country.

School Education System ^ TOP

The Indian education system is based upon 12 years of schooling (10+2), which includes primary and secondary education. Secondary Schools are affiliated with Central or states boards for conduct of examination. Most of the private schools as well as many government schools like the Kendriya Vidyalayas are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). All the Indian universities and other institutions of higher education recognize the various 10+2 qualifications from different states as well as all India Boards like the CBSE.

Though Class XIIth is the entry-level qualification for pursuing higher education in any field, passing it in itself does not guarantee admission to a particular course. Like for example, some courses specify pre-requisite subjects that the student must have at the qualifying exam (class XIIth); for professional courses other than the pre-requisite subjects a student may also have to sit for an entrance test e.g. IIT-JEE, CPMT etc. Well known colleges specify cut-off marks (i.e. marks or grade obtained in a particular subject or subjects(s) in class XIIth) for admission in various courses, which may be as high as 85-90% for admission in say B.Sc Hons. (Physics). The cut-off marks or overall entry score can vary between courses in the same university/college, between similar courses in different universities/ colleges and from year to year in the same course. Some courses and some universities/institutions/colleges are in greater demand than others and therefore gaining entry into them is correspondingly more tough.

National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT): ^ TOP

In the area of school education the Government of India has set up an apex resource organization ‘The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)’ which assists and advises the Central and State Governments on academic matters related to school education. The NCERT provides academic and technical support for improvement of school education through its various constituents like the National Institute of Education (NIE), Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET) and a number of Regional Institutes of Education (RIE) located at different cities.

Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi - 110 016

Phone: 6567320, 6566245

College Education System ^ TOP

The higher education system is principally divided into three levels namely:

Undergraduate or Bachelor’s Level (e.g. B.Sc., B.A., B.E., M.B.B.S., L.L.B., etc.)

Postgraduate or Master’s Level (e.g. M.Sc., M.A., M.Tech., M.S., LL.M., etc.)

Doctoral (Ph.D.)

Bachelor’s degrees in science, arts and commerce take three years of study but in vocational subjects like pharmacy, dentistry, architecture, medicine and technology the duration may vary between four to five and a half years. Many universities and colleges offer `honors’ courses at graduation level, which may not be longer in duration but indicate greater depth in study. Diploma courses are also available at the undergraduate level and the duration of their study may vary from 1 to 3 years.

Master’s degree is normally of two-year duration. It could either be course or research based. Admission to post graduate programs in engineering and technology is done on the basis of GATE.

Those interested in pursuing further studies may either directly register themselves for PhD or do a pre-doctoral program –Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) which is either completely research based or may also include some course work. It takes lesser time to complete PhD for those doing it after M.Phil. Postgraduate level diploma courses are also available which are generally of one-year duration.

The higher education system, comprising of various universities, colleges, professional institutes etc caters to around 7 million students. Though State Governments are responsible for establishment of State Universities and running them, Government of India is primarily responsible for framing major policies relating to higher education in the country.

University Grants Commission (UGC): ^ TOP

It is Government of India entity is responsible for coordination, determination and maintenance of standards, and release of central grants to the universities. Apart from this, Government of India has also established sixteen central universities in the country, which are totally funded by the UGC.

Bahadurshah Zafar Marg,

New Delhi – 110002

Ph: 3237721, 3235739

Taking advantage of the great demand for higher education especially for professional courses, many dubious institutes have also come up. Even otherwise, sometimes the syllabus of a particular course offered by an institute, may be outdated and not up to the mark. The government on its part has created various statutory bodies to ensure that the education organizations that operate within their framework provide qualifications, which are quality assured and formally recognized by institutions, employers and government authorities. These statutory bodies are also responsible for providing grants and various awards. There are 12 such bodies dealing with higher education in various fields:

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

Distance Education Council (DEC)

Indian Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR)

Bar Council of India (BCI)

National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)

Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)

Medical Council of India (MCI)

Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)

Indian Nursing Council (INC)

Dental Council of India (DCI)

Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)

Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)

The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE): ^ TOP

It was established by an Act of Parliament to develop, promote and co-ordinate technical education in the country. Technical Education broadly covers the field of engineering & technology, architecture & town planning, management, pharmacy and applied arts & crafts. The council grants approval for starting new technical institutions and introduction of new programs in consultation with the agencies concerned. Recently it has also created a separate body-National Body of Accreditation (NBA) that gives accreditation to institutions and grades the courses offered by them.

I.G. Sports Complex, I.P. Estate,

New Delhi -110002.

Phone: 3379010-19

Regional Offices of AICTE

Calcutta - 3357459, 3357310

Mumbai - 2855412

Chennai - 8279998, 8275650

Bangalore - 2205919, 2205979

Bhopal - 660062

Kanpur - 292552, 292551

Chandigarh - 661201

Distance Education Council (DEC): ^ TOP

It is the apex body responsible for promotion and maintenance of standards of open and distance education in India. There are ten open universities in India at present and Indira Gandhi National University (IGNOU) is the only National Open University, the remaining nine are a State Open Universities (SOUs). However there are 62 university level traditional institutions, which also impart education through correspondence/distance mode.

Indira Gandhi National Open University

K-76, Hauz Khas

New Delhi -110016, India

Phone: 91 11 6569668

Fax....: 91 11 6861340

Email : dec@satyamonline.com

Indian Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR): ^ TOP

It keeps the information and provides consultancy on agriculture, horticulture, resource management, animal sciences, agricultural engineering, fisheries, agricultural extension, agricultural education, home science and agricultural communication. It has the mandates to co-ordinate agricultural research and development programmes.

Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi.

Phone: 3388991, 3388994

Bar Council of India (BCI): ^ TOP

It is formed under Advocates Act, 1961. It promotes legal education and lay down the standards of professional education and ethics for advocates.

Bar Council of India Bhawan,

21, Rouse Avenue Institutional Area,

New Delhi – 110002

Phone: 3231648, 3231647

Fax: 3231767, 2486209

The National Council For Teacher Education (NCTE): ^ TOP

It was established by an Act of Parliament and is responsible for planned and coordinated development for teacher education system throughout the country. The Council regulates and maintains norms and standards in teacher education system and gives recognition to institutions offering courses or training in teacher education.

C-2/10, Safdarjung Development Area,

Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi -110016

Phone: 6561349, 6967648

Fax: 6968492

Email: ncte@del3.vsnl.net.in

Regional Directors of NCTE:

The Regional Director

Northern Regional Committee (NCTE) Delhi, Haryana,

A-46, Tilak Nagar, Shanti Path, Himachal Pradesh,

Jaipur - 302004 Punjab, Rajasthan,

Phone: 0141-623501 Uttar Pradesh and

Fax: 0141-620116 Chandigarh

Email: root@ ncte.raj.nic.in

The Regional Director

Eastern Regional Committee (NCTE) Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,

15, Neelkanth Nagar, Nayapalli Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya,

Bhubaneshwar – 751012 Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa,

Phone: 0674-414873 Sikkim, West Bengal, Tripura,

Fax: 0674-415793 Andamand & Nicobar Islands

Email: ncteori@nctebbs.ori.nic.in

The Regional Director

Southern Regional Committee (NCTE) Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,

125, Infantry Road, Opp. Medinova Kerala, Tamil Nadu,

Diagnostic Services, Bangalore - 560001 Lakshadweep and Pondicherry.

Phone: 080-2861369

Fax: 080-2860962

Email: rd@bngncte.kar.nic.in

The Regional Director

Western Regional Committee (NCTE) Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra,

Manas Bhawan (Near A.I.R.) Madhya Pradesh,

Shyamla Hills, Bhopal - 462002 Dadra and Nagar Haveli,

Phone: 0755-530912 Daman & Diu.

Fax: 0755-530912

Email: dir@nctebpl.mp.nic.in

Rehabilitation Council Of India (RCI): ^ TOP

Regulates the training policies and programmes in the field of rehabilitation and standardizes training courses for paramedics engaged in rehabilitation of people with disabilities Like MCI it also establishes reciprocity with foreign universities/institutes in the matter of mutual recognition of qualifications awarded in the field of rehabilitation. It also maintains Central Rehabilitation Register of persons possessing the recognized rehabilitation qualification.

23-A, Shivaji Marg,

Near Karampura Complex,

New Delhi -110 015.

Phone: 5911964, 5911965

Fax: 5911967

Email: rehabstd@nde.vsnl.net.in

Medical Council of India (MCI): ^ TOP

was established as a statutory body with the aim of maintaining uniform standards of medical education in the country at undergraduate and post-graduate levels. It is mandatory for a doctor to register himself with the Council after gathering necessary medical qualifications. Another important function of the Council is to establish reciprocity with foreign countries in the matter of mutual recognition of medical qualifications. The Council also maintains Indian Medical Register containing information about all medical practitioners in the county.

Aiooan-e-Galib Marg,

ITO, (near Mata Sundri College),

Opposite Bal Bhawan, New Delhi - 110002

Phone: 3236081, 3232618

Pharmacy Council of India (PCI): ^ TOP

It prescribes, regulate and maintains minimum educational standards for the training of pharmacists. It prescribes the syllabus, norms, etc., for the institutions and regulations for diploma course in pharmacy. It registers Pharmacists.

Combined Councils Building, Temple Lane,

Kotla Road, New Delhi - 110002

Phone: 3214270, 3239184

Indian Nursing Council (INC): ^ TOP

It is responsible for regulation and maintenance of a uniform standard of training for Nurses, Midwives, Auxilliary Nurse-Midwives and Health Visitors. It prescribes the syllabus and regulations for various nursing courses. It inspects Nursing Schools and Examination Centres to maintain uniformity and the requisite standard of Nursing Education.

Combined Councils Building, Temple Lane,

Kotla Road, New Delhi - 110002

Phone: 3236140, 3235570

Dental Council of India (DCI): ^ TOP

Its main objective is to regulate Dental Education, Dental Profession and Dental ethics in the country. It recommends to the Government of India to accord permission to start a Dental College, start higher course and increase of seats.

Temple Lane, Ferozshah Kotla Road,

New Delhi - 110002

Phone: 3231252, 3238542

Central Council of Homoeopathy (CCH): ^ TOP

is a statutory body responsible for laying down the minimum standards of education in Homoeopathy and recognizing or derecognizing medical qualification. It advises Central Government in matters of connected with the study and practice of Homeopathy. The Council also maintains a Central Register of Homoeopathy containing details of Homoeopath practitioners.

61-65, Institutional Area, Opposite D Block,

Janak Puri, New Delhi-110058

Phone: 5622906, 5536491

Central Council Of Indian Medicine (CCIM): ^ TOP

It is responsible for laying down and maintaining uniform standards of education in the fields of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani and regulating practice in these systems. The Council prescribes the curriculum and syllabus for under-graduate & post-graduate education in these systems and amends them from time to time as per requirements. It also advises the Central Government in matters relating to recognition of medical qualifications of Indian Medicine. The Council also maintains a Central Register of Indian Medicine containing details of practitioners of these systems.

61-65, Institutional Area, Opposite D Block,

Janak Puri, New Delhi-110058

Phone: 5610978

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